When we bought one of our stations back in the day, the previous owner had racked up almost $90K in trade. He traded gas for his car, traded for house cleaning, traded for electrical work, and yard care services. All of it at 8-10X. Problem was, in order to maintain local relationships in a smaller market, we needed to honor those crappy trade deals even though we never benefitted from them. It amounted to inventory that we couldn't make anything from until the contracts ran out.I remember a case of a small station that "paid" $80,000 more or less for a Pinto back when there were new Pintos...
His sales guy didn't care, because he was getting a commission on the dollar value of the trade, and 10X trade for a potential advertiser was an easy sale. That came to a grinding halt on our watch.