"Syndication" in the TV world refers to shows that are not distributed by a national network and can be bought by any TV station in a market-exclusive deal.
A syndicated show might run on a CBS station in one market, an independent in another and an NBC affiliate in yet another.
Syndicated shows can run in any daypart; the syndicator may specify required run times.
In general, there are three types of shows:
Network - Runs only on fully affiliated stations belonging to the network*
Syndicated - Sold independently and can be run by any station that makes a deal for the show.
Local - Created by the station for its own local broadcast. Newscasts on the local scene are examples. Might be run on repeaters of the local station, such as ones in mostly rural states or Puerto Rico.
*Networks can be like CBS, NBC, ABC, Fox, Univision, etc., or be state networks or, special events or sports networks.